Subnetting

Subnetting Sheet

  • Hosts double each increment of a CIDR

  • Always subtract 2 from host total

  • Network ID: First Address

  • Broadcast: Last Address

SUBNET
x.0.0.0

CIDR

/1

/2

/3

/4

/5

/6

/7

/8

Hosts

2,147,483,648

1,073,741,824

536,870,912

268,435,456

134,217,728

67,108,864

33,554,432

16,777,216

Class A

SUBNET

255.x.0.0

CIDR

/9

/10

/11

/12

/13

/14

/15

/16

Hosts

8,388,608

4,194,304

4,194,304

1,048,576

524,288

262,144

131,072

65,536

Class B

SUBNET

255.255.x.0

CIDR

/17

/18

/19

/20

/21

/22

/23

/24

Hosts

32,768

16,384

8,192

4,096

2,048

1,024

512

256

Class C

SUBNET

255.255.255.x

CIDR

/25

/26

/27

/28

/29

/30

/31

/32

Hosts

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

Subnet Mask (Replace X)

128

192

224

240

248

252

254

255

Cheat Sheet Examples

Subnet
Hosts
Network
Broadcast

192.168.1.0/24

255.255.255.0

254

192.168.1.0

192.168.1.255

192.168.1.16/28

255.255.255.240

14

192.168.1.16

192.168.1.31

192.168.0.0/22

255.255.252.0

1022

192.168.0.0

192.168.3.255

Bits and Octets

First Octet

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Total: 255

Second Octet

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Total: 255

Third Octet

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Total: 255

Fourth Octet

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Total: 0

Result

Resulting CIDR
Hosts (Exponential)
Hosts

/24

2^8

256

(bits on)

2^(bits off)

Resulting hosts

Meaning, a subnet of 255.255.255.0 has 24 bits switched on (3 sets of octets), 8 bits switched off (1 set of octets), which gives it 256 hosts available.

Example: A Class C Private IP Address network of 192.168.86.0/24 has a subnet of 255.255.255.0, and has 256 available hosts. Subtract 2 hosts for the Network ID and Broadcast address, leaves us with 254, So any IP in the range of 192.168.86.1-254 is available to be assigned on that network.

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